If the secondary has fewer turns than the primary, the secondary voltage will be __________ than the primary.

• A. Higher
• B. Lower
• C. Equal
• D. Unknown

Answer: (B)

In a transformer, the voltages relate directly to the number of turns on each winding. The voltage ratio follows V_secondary / V_primary = N_secondary / N_primary. If the secondary has fewer turns than the primary, the turn ratio is less than one, so the secondary voltage is smaller than the primary voltage. This is a step-down arrangement.

For completeness, the current behaves inversely with respect to turns: I_secondary / I_primary = N_primary / N_secondary, meaning the secondary current tends to be higher to conserve power in an ideal transformer. Real transformers have losses, but the basic relationship still explains why fewer secondary turns produce a lower voltage.